word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 78784 | ا- |
2 | 71664 | ک- |
3 | 51960 | م- |
4 | 37752 | ب- |
5 | 36425 | س- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 17671 | او- |
2 | 15080 | کر- |
3 | 14304 | کو- |
4 | 13977 | کا- |
5 | 13760 | می- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 14657 | اور- |
2 | 8677 | میں- |
3 | 5477 | تری- |
4 | 4055 | ہیں- |
5 | 3956 | 201- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 5395 | ترین- |
2 | 2601 | ہیں،- |
3 | 2001 | آباد- |
4 | 1559 | نہیں- |
5 | 1526 | میں1- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 4866 | ترین۔- |
2 | 1456 | لاہور- |
3 | 1096 | کراچی- |
4 | 1019 | عبدال- |
5 | 1015 | 2013ء- |
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
Is there a need for larger N
Most frequent word endings
Most frequent letter-N-grams
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings